International Economics

  • 40 Posts
  • 1 Sections
  • 1 Types
1992 Programme
International Economics
The European Community plan to complete a single internal market by removing barriers to trade, capital, services, and labor mobility.
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A-Share
Equities International Economics
Usually a mainland Chinese share listed in renminbi, though some firms also use Class A share labels for voting-rights structures.
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Absolute Advantage
International Economics Economics
The ability to produce a good or service using fewer inputs than another producer.
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Absorption
International Economics Macroeconomics
Domestic spending on consumption, investment, and government purchases, often used to analyze trade and current-account balances.
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Acceptance
Banking International Economics
In trade finance, the act of signing a bill of exchange and becoming legally obligated to pay it at maturity.
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Accepting House
Banking International Economics
A financial intermediary that accepts bills of exchange and guarantees payment at maturity, improving liquidity in trade finance.
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Accession Criteria
International Economics Development Economics
The political, economic, and institutional conditions a country must satisfy to join the European Union.
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Adjustable Peg
International Economics Macroeconomics
An exchange-rate regime that keeps a currency near a fixed parity most of the time but allows occasional realignment.
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Adjustment Programme
International Economics Macroeconomics
A package of policies used to correct a balance-of-payments crisis, restore external financing, and stabilize the economy.
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Advantage
International Economics Microeconomics
In economics, advantage usually refers to absolute advantage or comparative advantage in production, trade, or specialization.
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Agricultural Protection
International Economics Public Finance
Policies such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies that raise domestic farm prices or incomes relative to world-market outcomes.
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Anti-dumping Action
International Economics Economics
A trade-remedy investigation into whether imports are dumped and whether they injure a domestic industry.
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Anti-Dumping Duty
International Economics Economics
An extra import tariff imposed after an anti-dumping investigation finds dumping and injury.
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Arm's-Length Price
Taxation International Economics
The price unrelated parties would agree to under comparable market conditions.
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
International Economics Economics
A regional forum that promotes trade, investment, and economic cooperation across the Asia-Pacific.
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Asian Financial Crisis (1997–1998)
International Economics Macroeconomics
A regional crisis of capital-flow reversals, currency collapses, and banking distress across several Asian economies.
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Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
Development Economics International Economics
A multilateral development bank that finances infrastructure and related development projects, especially in Asia.
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Asymmetric Shocks
Macroeconomics International Economics
Economic shocks that affect regions, sectors, or countries differently rather than uniformly.
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Autarchy
International Economics Economics
A condition of economic self-sufficiency in which a country relies little or not at all on international trade.
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Balance of Payments
International Economics Macroeconomics
The record of a country's transactions with the rest of the world over a period.
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Balance of Trade
International Economics Macroeconomics
The difference between a country’s exports and imports of goods; a core part of the current account.
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Balance-of-Payments Crisis
International Economics Macroeconomics
A situation where a country cannot finance external payments sustainably, triggering reserve losses, currency pressure, or default risk.
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Baltic Free Trade Agreement
International Economics
Baltic Free Trade Agreement - A free trade agreement between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania established in 1993 and remaining in place until the three countries joined the European Union in 2004.
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Banco del Sur
Development Economics International Economics
A South American regional development bank initiative intended to fund projects and reduce reliance on traditional multilateral lenders.
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Bank for International Settlements
Banking International Economics
An international institution that supports central bank cooperation, monetary stability, and prudential standards.
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Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
Taxation International Economics
Tax-planning strategies that reduce taxable profit in higher-tax countries and shift it elsewhere.
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Beggar-My-Neighbour Policy
International Economics Macroeconomics
A beggar-my-neighbour policy tries to improve one country's economy by shifting demand, unemployment, or adjustment costs onto other countries.
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Benelux
International Economics Economics
Benelux is the economic union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, often treated as an early example of regional economic integration.
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Big Mac Index
International Economics Foreign Exchange
The Big Mac Index is an informal purchasing-power-parity comparison that uses the price of a Big Mac across countries to illustrate currency misalignment.
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Bilateral Trade
International Economics Economics
Bilateral trade is trade conducted directly between two countries, often under a specific agreement or balancing arrangement.
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Bill of Exchange
Banking International Economics
A bill of exchange is a written order requiring payment of a specified sum at a specified time, commonly used in trade finance.
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Blair House Agreement
International Economics Economics
The Blair House Agreement was a 1992 U.S.-EC deal that helped break the agricultural deadlock in the Uruguay Round trade talks.
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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
International Economics Banking
An international bank established to aid the transition of Central and Eastern Europe and former Soviet states to market economies.
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Maastricht Treaty
International Economics Macroeconomics
The 1992 Treaty on European Union that created the EU and set the roadmap for Economic and Monetary Union and the euro.
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Multilateralism
International Economics Economics
An approach to international economic cooperation based on common rules across many countries.
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Quota (IMF)
International Economics Public Finance
Understanding the fundamental role of quotas within the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
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Retaliation
International Economics
A policy response meant to punish or deter another country or firm, often seen in trade disputes and trade wars.
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Sovereign Debt
Public Finance International Economics
Debt issued by a national government, with risks tied to default, inflation, and macroeconomic sustainability.
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Unfair Competition
Market Structure International Economics
Practices that distort competition through deception or exclusionary tactics rather than efficiency.
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Washington Consensus
Development Economics International Economics
A label for a policy agenda emphasizing stabilization, liberalization, and privatization in developing-country reform programs.
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