Banking

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100 Per Cent Gold Backing
Macroeconomics Banking
A monetary rule where currency issued is fully backed by gold reserves at a fixed conversion rate.
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Acceptance
Banking International Economics
In trade finance, the act of signing a bill of exchange and becoming legally obligated to pay it at maturity.
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Accepting House
Banking International Economics
A financial intermediary that accepts bills of exchange and guarantees payment at maturity, improving liquidity in trade finance.
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Accommodatory Monetary Policy
Macroeconomics Banking
A monetary-policy stance that keeps financial conditions easy to support spending, output, and employment.
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Advances
Banking Credit and Lending
A broad banking term for credit extended to customers, including overdrafts, working-capital facilities, and other loans.
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Asset-Backed Security (ABS)
Fixed Income Banking
A security whose cash flows come from a pool of underlying loans or receivables.
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Backdoor Monetary Policy
Macroeconomics Banking
Non-transparent central bank actions that influence liquidity, rates, or markets outside standard public channels.
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Bad Bank
Banking Public Finance Risk Management
A vehicle that purchases and works out non-performing or distressed assets so core banks can clean their balance sheets.
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Bad Debt Provision
Accounting Credit and Lending Banking
An accounting charge that sets aside an allowance for expected losses on loans or receivables.
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Bad Money Drives Out Good (Gresham’s Law)
Macroeconomics Banking
When two forms of money circulate at a fixed rate, undervalued ‘good’ money is hoarded while overvalued ‘bad’ money remains in circulation.
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Balances with the Bank of England
Banking Macroeconomics
Reserve balances UK commercial banks hold at the Bank of England to settle payments and meet liquidity needs.
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Bank
Banking Macroeconomics Credit and Lending
A financial institution that takes deposits, extends credit, and provides payment and financial services.
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Bank Account
Banking Personal Finance
An agreement with a bank to hold and manage funds, enabling deposits, withdrawals, and payments.
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Bank Deposit
Banking Macroeconomics
Money placed at a bank that becomes a bank liability and a depositor asset.
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Bank for International Settlements
Banking International Economics
An international institution that supports central bank cooperation, monetary stability, and prudential standards.
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Bank Loan
Banking Credit and Lending
Credit extended by a bank to a household or firm under agreed repayment terms.
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Bank Note
Banking Macroeconomics
A paper currency claim issued under monetary authority and used as a medium of exchange.
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Bank of England
Banking Macroeconomics
The United Kingdom's central bank, responsible for monetary stability and key financial-system functions.
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Bank Rate
Banking Macroeconomics
The key interest rate set by a central bank as a benchmark for monetary conditions.
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Bank Regulation
Banking Risk Management
Public rules and oversight designed to limit risk-taking and protect the stability of the banking system.
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Bank Run
Banking Macroeconomics
A rush by depositors to withdraw funds because they fear a bank may not be able to repay them.
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Banking
Banking Economics
The business of taking deposits, extending credit, and providing payment and financial intermediation services.
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Banking System
Banking Macroeconomics
The network of banks, central-bank institutions, and supporting rules through which credit and payments are organized.
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Base Money
Banking Macroeconomics
The most liquid form of money, consisting mainly of currency in circulation and bank reserves.
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Base Rate
Banking Credit and Lending
A benchmark interest rate used to price loans and influence borrowing conditions.
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Basel Agreement
Banking Risk Management
The original international agreement that set minimum capital standards for banks relative to the riskiness of their assets.
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Basel II
Banking Risk Management
The second Basel banking framework, built around minimum capital requirements, supervisory review, and market discipline.
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Bill
Fixed Income Banking
In finance, a bill is a short-term debt instrument, usually sold at a discount and maturing in less than a year.
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Bill of Exchange
Banking International Economics
A bill of exchange is a written order requiring payment of a specified sum at a specified time, commonly used in trade finance.
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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
International Economics Banking
An international bank established to aid the transition of Central and Eastern Europe and former Soviet states to market economies.
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Financial Services Authority (FSA)
Banking
The former UK financial regulator (2001-2013) that was replaced by the FCA and PRA after the global financial crisis.
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Monetary Control
Macroeconomics Banking
How central banks steer short-term interest rates and monetary conditions to achieve inflation and employment goals.
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Money Multiplier
Macroeconomics Banking
The ratio linking the monetary base to broader money in simplified banking models.
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Securities and Investment Board (SIB)
Banking Risk Management
The former UK financial regulator that supervised self-regulating bodies before the modern UK framework.
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