Market Structure

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Abnormal Profit
Microeconomics Market Structure
Profit above normal profit after both explicit and implicit costs are taken into account.
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Abuse of Dominant Position
Market Structure Microeconomics
Anticompetitive conduct by a firm with substantial market power that harms competition rather than merely outperforming rivals.
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Acquisition
Corporate Finance Market Structure
A deal in which one firm buys control of another firm or its assets.
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Advertising
Microeconomics Market Structure
Paid communication used by firms to inform, persuade, and influence demand, competition, and product differentiation.
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After-Sales Service
Microeconomics Market Structure
Support, repairs, warranties, and spare-parts access that shape the full economic value of a product after purchase.
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Alpha Stocks
Investments Market Structure
A historical London market classification for the most actively traded shares in a dealer market.
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Amalgamation
Corporate Finance Market Structure
A business combination in which firms consolidate their assets and liabilities under one corporate structure.
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Anti-Competitive Practice
Market Structure Microeconomics
Conduct that weakens rivalry and allows firms to raise price, lower quality, or block entry.
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Antitrust
Market Structure Microeconomics
Competition policy that targets cartels, exclusionary conduct, and mergers that harm market rivalry.
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Arbitrageur
Investments Market Structure
A trader who exploits pricing inconsistencies and helps push markets toward more consistent prices.
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Auction
Microeconomics Market Structure
A market mechanism in which price and allocation are determined through bids.
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Auctioneer
Microeconomics Market Structure
The person or institution that runs an auction and enforces its bidding rules.
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Average Cost Pricing
Market Structure Public Finance
Pricing that sets price high enough to cover average total cost.
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Averch–Johnson Effect
Market Structure Public Finance
A distortion under rate-of-return regulation where firms may choose an inefficiently capital-intensive input mix.
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Backward Integration
Market Structure Microeconomics
Expansion by a firm into the production or control of its own inputs.
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Barriers to Entry
Market Structure Microeconomics
Obstacles that make it costly or difficult for new firms to enter a market.
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Barriers to Exit
Market Structure Microeconomics
Obstacles that make it costly or difficult for firms to leave a market.
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Bertrand Competition
Market Structure Microeconomics
Bertrand competition is a model in which firms compete by setting prices rather than quantities.
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Bilateral Monopoly
Market Structure Microeconomics
A bilateral monopoly is a market with one seller and one buyer, so price and quantity are determined by bargaining rather than by competitive market forces alone.
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Competitive Advantage
Market Structure Economics
A durable edge that lets a firm earn returns above rivals through lower cost, differentiation, or strategic positioning.
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Nash Equilibrium
Microeconomics Market Structure
A strategic outcome where each player's choice is a best response to the choices of others.
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Pricing
Microeconomics Market Structure
How prices are set in markets and by firms, and how costs, demand, and market structure shape the result.
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Unfair Competition
Market Structure International Economics
Practices that distort competition through deception or exclusionary tactics rather than efficiency.
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