Accounting

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Abnormal Obsolescence
Accounting Valuation
An unexpected loss of asset value caused by a technology, regulatory, or demand shock that shortens useful life.
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Accelerated Depreciation
Accounting Taxation
A tax or accounting method that allows larger depreciation deductions in the early years of an asset's life.
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Accounting
Accounting
The system for recording and reporting economic transactions so firms, lenders, investors, and regulators can make decisions.
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Accounting Period
Accounting
The reporting interval covered by a set of financial statements, usually a fiscal year or a quarter.
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Accounting Profit
Accounting Microeconomics
Profit measured under accounting rules after subtracting explicit recorded costs from revenue.
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Accounts
Accounting Economics
How accounts organize financial records and reduce information problems in firms and public institutions.
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Accounts Payable
Accounting Credit and Lending
Short-term obligations to suppliers created when a firm buys goods or services on credit.
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Accounts Receivable
Accounting Credit and Lending
Money owed to a firm by customers for goods/services already delivered; a key working-capital item tied to trade credit.
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Amortization
Accounting Corporate Finance
The systematic repayment or cost allocation of a loan or intangible asset over time.
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Annual General Meeting (AGM)
Accounting Corporate Finance
A formal shareholder meeting used to review disclosures, vote on governance matters, and hold managers accountable.
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Annual Report and Accounts
Accounting Corporate Finance
A yearly package of narrative disclosures and audited financial statements used to reduce information asymmetry.
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Appropriation Account
Accounting Corporate Finance
An accounting statement showing how profit is allocated after it has been earned.
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Assets
Accounting Economics
Resources with economic value that can generate future benefits.
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Audit
Accounting Economics
An independent review of financial records and controls designed to improve credibility and reduce information problems.
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Auditor
Accounting
A professional (or firm) that examines financial information and controls to provide assurance that financial statements are fairly presented.
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Bad Debt
Accounting Credit and Lending
Debt that is unlikely to be collected and must be recognized as a loss by the lender or seller.
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Bad Debt Provision
Accounting Credit and Lending Banking
An accounting charge that sets aside an allowance for expected losses on loans or receivables.
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Balance Sheet
Accounting Economics
A statement showing assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time.
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Below-the-Line
Accounting Public Finance
Below-the-line items are entries recorded outside the main operating or income result, often relating to financing, appropriation, or capital transactions.
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Book Value
Accounting Valuation
Book value is the accounting value recorded on the balance sheet, often measured for a firm as assets minus liabilities.
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Depreciation
Economics Accounting Foreign Exchange
How depreciation works for assets and currencies, and why the distinction matters in economics.
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Earnings
Accounting Corporate Finance
A firm's profit after costs, interest, and taxes, used to assess performance and valuation.
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National Income Accounts
Macroeconomics Accounting
The accounting framework that measures an economy's production, income, and spending (GDP, GNP, national income).
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