Credit and Lending

Accounts Payable
Short-term obligations to suppliers created when a firm buys goods or services on credit.
Accounts Receivable
Money owed to a firm by customers for goods/services already delivered; a key working-capital item tied to trade credit.
Administration
An insolvency procedure in which an administrator takes control of a distressed company to preserve value and improve outcomes for creditors.
Advances
A broad banking term for credit extended to customers, including overdrafts, working-capital facilities, and other loans.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
A standardized annual borrowing-cost measure that includes interest plus certain loan fees so credit offers can be compared more fairly.
Arrears
Overdue payments on a contract (rent, mortgage, utilities, child support) after one or more missed due dates.
Bad Debt
Debt that is unlikely to be collected and must be recognized as a loss by the lender or seller.
Bad Debt Provision
An accounting charge that sets aside an allowance for expected losses on loans or receivables.
Bank
A financial institution that takes deposits, extends credit, and provides payment and financial services.
Bank Loan
Credit extended by a bank to a household or firm under agreed repayment terms.
Bankruptcy
A legal process for dealing with debts that cannot be repaid in full.
Base Rate
A benchmark interest rate used to price loans and influence borrowing conditions.
Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)
A bond-like security backed by the cash flows from a pool of mortgage loans.