An exploration of the collaborative effort of policy-making among multiple entities, primarily countries, to achieve better economic outcomes by addressing externality effects.
The principle that requires the polluting party to bear the costs associated with mitigating pollution, in line with the damage caused to society or the level of pollution exceeding acceptable standards.
A scenario where rapid population growth hinders any improvement in living standards due to the necessity of all available savings to maintain the current capital–labour ratio.
A branch of economics that describes and explains economic processes and predicts the outcomes of institutional or policy changes, without making value judgements.
A claim that the terms of trade between primary products and manufactured goods deteriorate over time, suggesting that countries exporting primary commodities should establish manufacturing industry to counteract adverse effects.
Definition and explanation of present discounted value (PDV), a core concept in economics used to determine the current value of future payments or cash flows.
An agreement between two or more firms about the prices they will charge, which is considered anti-competitive and is forbidden by legislation in many countries.
A comprehensive entry on the concept of price floors in economics, covering its definitions, historical context, major analytical frameworks, and more.
Government policies to maintain the producer prices of commodities above a minimum level, primarily in agriculture, through market intervention or subsidies.
Things which the law recognizes as belonging exclusively to particular individuals or organizations, contrasted with government-owned and public things.
Private sector balance is the excess of savings over investment spending by the private sector, forming a crucial part of national income accounting identities.