Labor Economics

A major U.S. labor federation (AFL + CIO, merged 1955) that coordinates affiliated unions and engages heavily in policy advocacy and organizing.

Using machines, software, or algorithms to perform tasks with limited human intervention, affecting productivity and labor markets.

A labor supply curve that slopes up at lower wages but bends backward at higher wages as income effects outweigh substitution effects.

A U.S. federal agency that enforces anti-discrimination laws in employment (hiring, pay, promotion, and firing).

A contract clause that adjusts wages, rents, or prices over time using an inflation index (such as the CPI).

An approach to arbitration where the arbitrator selects either one of the proposals without modification, designed to discourage unreasonable demands from both parties.