The degree of optimism that consumers have regarding the current and expected state of the economy, which influences their spending and saving decisions.
Long-lived goods bought for final consumption, expected to be used over a period longer than a year. Examples include private cars, boats, and domestic items such as furniture and appliances.
Instruments of import restriction that are not actually used unless considered necessary, particularly to protect domestic industries from import surges.
A concept of a political economic system in which economic decisions are achieved through negotiation between centralized corporate bodies representing interest groups.
A colloquial name for the Supplementary Special Deposits Scheme in the UK used from 1973 to 1980 to control the growth of bank deposits and interest-bearing eligible liabilities.
A pricing strategy where the price equals measured costs plus an agreed percentage mark-up for profit, often criticized for lacking cost control incentives.
An economic concept where the general price levels in an economy rise due to increased costs of production, often leading to declines in the purchasing power of money.