A structured investment vehicle (SIV) is an investment company (often affiliated with a bank) designed to profit by borrowing funds at low costs and investing in securities with higher returns, such as mortgage-backed bonds and collateralized debt obligations.
The concept of substitution in economics referring to the switching of consumption from one good or service to another in response to a change in the ratio of prices.
Data collected by surveys of individuals or firms, which may be regional, national, or supranational, covering either the entire population or sample thereof.
A financial derivative in which two counterparties agree to exchange one stream of cash flows for another. This entry explores its meaning, historical context, and different economic perspectives.
A comprehensive overview of syndicates, particularly in the context of Lloyd's of London, including their function, historical perspective, and theoretical frameworks.
A comprehensive overview of systemic threats within an economic context, focusing on their broad implications and inter-connectivity in financial systems.
Arranging one’s affairs to reduce the amount of tax that has to be paid. Provides a contrast between legal tax avoidance and illegal tax evasion, and discusses related concepts such as the General Anti-Avoidance Rule.
A comprehensive federal statute of 1986 that aimed to simplify the U.S. income tax code, broaden the tax base, and eliminate many tax shelters and preferences.
A monetary policy rule that postulates how a central bank determines interest rates based on deviations in inflation and output gap from their target values.