F-distribution
A continuous probability distribution used primarily in analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis, also known as Snedecor’s F-distribution.
F-test
A comprehensive overview of the F-test, its usage in general linear hypotheses and the F-statistic.
Factor Cost
An analysis of the term 'factor cost,' its definition, significance, and associated economic frameworks.
Factor Endowment
A solid conceptual analysis of factor endowment in economic theory, discussing its implications for economic prosperity.
Factor Incomes
Incomes derived from selling the services of factors of production
Factor Incomes from Abroad
Definition and Meaning of Factor Incomes from Abroad in Economics
Factor Intensity
The relative proportions of various factors of production used in producing goods and services.
Factor Market
A market for factors of production such as labor, capital, or raw materials.
Factor Mobility
The degree of ease with which productive factors can reallocate across sectors within an economy or across countries.
Factor Price Equalization
A theorem that asserts international trade will equalize the prices of production factors across countries.
Factor Price Frontier
A definition and analysis of the Factor Price Frontier in Economics.
Factor Prices
An examination of factor prices in economics, which include wages, rent, and interest rates, corresponding to the services provided by labor, land, and capital respectively.
Factor Productivity
An entry on the measurement and analysis of factor productivity in economics
Factor-Augmenting Technical Progress
An in-depth look at the concept of factor-augmenting technical progress in economics, exploring its definition, historical context, and various analytical frameworks.
Factoring
Understanding Factoring in Economics - Its Definitions, Major Frameworks, and Case Studies
Factors of Production
A comprehensive look into the resources used in the production of goods and services, encompassing labor, capital, and land.
Fair Gamble
A comprehensive look into the definition and significance of fair gambles in economics.
Fair Odds
The odds which would leave anybody betting on a random event with zero expected gain or loss.
Fair Rate of Return
Adequate level of profit judged by regulators for utilities to ensure acceptable service, dividends, interest payments, and investment.
Fair Trade
Exploring the concept and implications of fair trade economics, its historical context, associated frameworks, and its comparative impact.
Fairness
An in-depth analysis of the concept of fairness in economics, along with its theoretical applications and implications.
Family Allowance
An overview of the family allowance, a UK welfare benefit offered between 1946 to 1977, which was renamed to child benefit.
Family Expenditure Survey
An overview and comprehensive guide to the Family Expenditure Survey (FES), its history, and its significance in economic data collection.
Family Income Supplement
A UK system of state benefit payments used historically to increase lower-paid workers' incomes with family responsibilities.
Fan Chart
A visual representation where the past shows actual values and the future presents a range of forecast values, illustrating the uncertainty in economic forecasts.
Farm Credit System
A comprehensive overview of the Farm Credit System (FCS), a federation of banks and lending associations for farmers in the US.
Farm Subsidies
An overview of farm subsidies, their purposes, forms, and implications.
Feasible Set
The set of allocations that satisfies all the constraints in an economic model.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
A US regulatory body responsible for chartering banks, and insuring depositors against bank failure.
Federal Fiscal System
An exploration of the fiscal system within federations, encompassing the levies and expenditures at state and federal levels.
Federal Reserve System
An overview of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
An in-depth look at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), its role, and significance in maintaining competition policy and protecting consumers.
Fiat Money
Fiat money: A form of currency that holds value primarily because a government decrees it to be legal tender, without intrinsic or commodity value.
Fiduciary Issue
Definition and meaning of fiduciary issue in economics.
Field Experiment
An experiment conducted in a ‘real world’ setting rather than a laboratory, where subjects make decisions in their natural environment.
Final Goods
Goods for use by final users, including consumers, investors, the government, and exporters, as distinct from intermediate products.
Final Salary Scheme
A detailed entry on the final salary scheme, a type of defined benefit pension plan.
Finance Act
The UK legislation by which Parliament approves or amends the Chancellor of the Exchequer’s budget proposals.
Financial Assets
Money and claims separate from physical assets, encompassing money, securities, shares, derivatives, and more.
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
An independent regulator of the financial industry in the UK tasked with maintaining market integrity, ensuring consumer fairness, and enhancing competitiveness.
Financial Crisis
The collapse, or potential collapse, of a financial institution threatening the stability of the financial system.
Financial Deregulation
The process involving the removal or relaxation of regulations in the financial industry.
Financial Economics
The field of economics that analyses the individual allocation of resources between consumption and financial assets, and the equilibrium consequences of individual choices.
Financial Futures
Overview and Analysis of Financial Futures
Financial Innovation
Changes in financial institutions, financial instruments, or business practices in the financial sector.
Financial Intermediary
A firm whose main function is to borrow money from one set of people and lend it to another, reducing risk and transaction costs for both parties.
Financial Markets
Markets where financial claims (stocks, bonds, currencies, derivatives) are issued and traded to allocate capital and price risk.
Financial Policy Committee (FPC)
An independent committee at the Bank of England responsible for safeguarding the resilience of the UK's financial system by identifying and mitigating systemic risks.
Financial Ratios
Understanding the Use and Importance of Financial Ratios in Economic Analysis
Financial Repression
The imposition of liquidity constraints through allocation of loans by administrative means rather than use of the market.
Financial Sector
The part of the economy concerned with lending and borrowing, including banks, non-bank financial intermediaries, and financial service providers.
Financial Security
Definition and detailed exploration of the term financial security in the context of Economics
Financial Services Act
An overview of the Financial Services Act, UK legislation introduced in 2012 to reform the financial regulatory system.
Financial Services Authority (FSA)
The former UK financial regulator (2001-2013) that was replaced by the FCA and PRA after the global financial crisis.
Financial Soundness Indicators
Financial Soundness Indicators: Statistical measures for assessing financial system stability
Financial Times Actuaries All-Share Index
An index of the prices of shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, including ordinary shares and fixed-interest stocks, covering the financial sector as well as industry.
Financial Times Actuaries Share Indexes
An overview of Financial Times Actuaries Share Indexes, their background, historical context, and usage in financial analysis.
Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index
The Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index (FT 30) is an index tracking the share prices of 30 leading UK industrial and commercial companies listed on the London Stock Exchange, excluding banking and insurance shares as well as government stocks. It originated with a base of 100 in 1935.
Financial Times Share Indexes
An overview of Financial Times Share Indexes including popular indices such as the FTSE 100.
Financial Times–Stock Exchange 100 Share Index
An in-depth look at the Financial Times–Stock Exchange 100 Share Index, also known as the FTSE 100 or Footsie.
Financial Year
An insight into the financial year, its definitions, contexts, and implications in economics.
Fine Tuning
An exploration into the economic concept of fine tuning
finite sample distribution
A distribution of a statistic across all possible samples of the same size drawn from the same population according to the same sampling procedure.
Firm
The basic unit of organization for productive activities, guiding the transformation of inputs into outputs.
Firm Objective
The concept of firm objectives in market economies, primarily focusing on profit maximization and the maximization of shareholder value.
Firm-Specific Human Capital
Specialized skills, experience, or qualifications which are of value only to one specific employer.
First Difference (Economics)
The increments between two consecutive periods in a time series.
First-Best Allocations
An exploration of the concept of first-best allocations in economics, its efficiency and limitations.
First-Degree Price Discrimination
An overview of first-degree price discrimination, its definitions, concepts, and effects in economic contexts.
First-in, First-out (FIFO)
Accounting convention assuming first-use of oldest materials in stock.
First-Mover Advantage
The strategic advantage to being the first to act in various economic contexts.
First-Price Auction
An auction format where sealed bids are submitted, and the highest bidder wins the item at their bid price.
Fiscal Drag
An explanation of fiscal drag and its implications in progressive tax systems.
Fiscal Federalism
The division of revenue collection and expenditure responsibilities among different levels of government.
Fiscal Illusion
A systematic misperception of the tax burden by taxpayers causing distorted democratic decisions on fiscal issues.
Fiscal Neutrality
The aim of devising a fiscal system which does not cause distortions in the economy.
Fiscal Policy
The use of taxation and government spending to influence the economy.
Fiscal Stance
An entry on the concept of fiscal stance, examining its meaning, historical context, analytical frameworks, and comparative analysis.
Fiscal Stimulus
A policy of increased public spending and lower taxation intended to provide an immediate boost to economic activity.
Fiscal Year
The year used for accounting purposes by a government, varying by country.
Fisher Effect
A phenomenon describing a one-for-one change in the nominal interest rate in response to the change in the inflation rate
Fisher's Ideal Price Index
An economic indicator calculated as the geometric mean of the Laspeyres and Paasche price indices for measuring price changes.
Five-Year Plan(s)
A series of nationwide centralized economic development initiatives that originated in the Soviet Union in 1928 and were later adopted in various forms by other countries.
Fixed Coefficient Production Function
An overview of the fixed coefficient production function, a type of production function where inputs must be combined in fixed proportions.
Fixed Cost
An in-depth look at fixed costs, their definitions, and implications in various economic frameworks.
Fixed Effects in Econometrics
An overview and discussion of fixed effects in panel data regression models.
Fixed Exchange Rate
An economics term defining a system where a country’s exchange rate remains constant relative to a benchmark currency or basket of currencies.
Fixed Factors
Definition and meaning of fixed factors in economics, including their role in various time horizons of production.
Fixed Investment
Understanding Fixed Investment in Economics
Fixed-Interest Security
Definition and analysis of fixed-interest securities in economics.
Fixprice
An economic model where prices are fixed in the short run, allowing quantities to adjust faster than prices.
Flag Carrier
A business considered essential for national security and prestige, often supported by governments irrespective of economic viability.
Flag of Convenience
A national registration for a ship which does not correspond to its actual ownership or control.
Flexible Exchange Rate
An overview of the flexible exchange rate, commonly known as the floating exchange rate.
Flexible Prices
Defines flexible prices and explores their role in economic markets.
Flexible Wages
A thorough explanation of flexible wages and their role in balancing labour supply and demand.
Flexitime
An employment contract that permits a worker to vary the starting and finishing time for work (within limits) provided a given total number of hours is supplied.
Flexprice
An economic model in which quantities are fixed in the short run, and prices adjust faster than quantities.
Flight from Money
Understanding the phenomenon where high inflation causes people to abandon their country's currency.