Total Final Expenditure
Comprehensive overview of the term 'Total Final Expenditure' in economics, its definition, historical context, conceptual background, and more.
Total Revenue
Explanation of the concept of Total Revenue in economics
Township and Village Enterprise
An examination of Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) in China, their evolution, and impact on rural industrialization.
Toxic Asset
An overview of toxic assets, their characteristics, and their impact on financial markets.
Toxic Debt
Understanding toxic debt, its implications, and frameworks for analysis
Tradable Emission Permit
A comprehensive overview of tradable emission permits and their role in pollution control.
tradables
Goods and services of types which can be traded internationally.
Trade
Understanding the exchange of goods and its foundational role in economic activity.
Trade Association
A voluntary body representing the firms engaged in a particular type of business.
Trade Barriers
An entry detailing the meaning, implications, and various forms of trade barriers in international economics.
Trade Bill
An entry detailing the trade bill, often synonymous with a bill of exchange, from various economic perspectives and contexts.
Trade Creation
The effect of a customs union in creating or increasing trade between member countries, resulting in economic welfare improvements.
Trade Credit
Explanation and analysis of trade credit within economic frameworks
Trade Cycle
A comprehensive entry on the Trade Cycle, detailing its definition, historical context, and theoretical frameworks.
Trade Deficit
Understanding the concept of trade deficit, its implications, and its role in economics.
Trade Diversion
The economics term 'trade diversion,' highlighting its meaning, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Trade Gap
A thorough exploration of the economic term 'trade gap' (also known as trade deficit), its background, historical implications, and relevance within various economic theories.
Trade Liberalization
The process of reducing or removing restrictions on international trade to promote economic efficiency.
trade not aid
A slogan advocating trade liberalization over direct aid for the advancement of less developed countries (LDCs).
Trade Policy
An in-depth exploration of trade policy, its definitions, variations, and impacts.
Trade Sanctions
A restriction or prohibition by one country of trade contacts with another country due to disapproval of its actions or policies.
Trade Talks
Discussions on the arrangements for international trade conducted bilaterally, regionally, or globally.
Trade Union
An exploration of trade unions, their roles, functions, and significance in labor markets.
Trade War
The definition and meaning of a trade war, an economic conflict wherein countries attempt to harm each other’s trade using tariffs, quotas, and other restrictive tools.
Trade-off
Exploring the concept of trade-offs in economics, wherein achieving more of one good or objective necessitates giving up some of another.
Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
Understanding TRIPS, an international agreement established in 1995 to protect intellectual property rights globally.
Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS)
An agreement reached in the Uruguay Round to attempt to control national policies such as investment subsidies which have significant effects on international trade.
Trade-Weighted Index Number
An index number weighted according to the shares of various countries in a nation’s trade, used to compute the country's effective exchange rate.
Trademark
A symbol, logo, or name used to enable the public to identify the supplier of goods
Trades Union Congress
Definition and meaning of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in the UK
Trading Currency
A currency used to invoice international trade transactions.
Tragedy of the Commons
The over-utilization of a common access resource due to individual users maximizing personal profit without accounting for the social impact of their actions.
Training
The process of improving workforce skills through formal instructional courses or on-the-job training.
Tranche
A tranche is a specific class of bonds within an offering, separated according to their degree of risk.
Trans-Pacific Partnership
A comprehensive free-trade agreement aimed at deepening economic ties between 12 Pacific Rim countries.
Transaction Cost Economics
An approach to the economic explanation of institutions examining the relative merits of conducting transactions within and between firms.
Transaction Costs
An Exploration of the Costs Incurred in Economic Exchanges
Transaction Motive
The desire to hold money in order to finance transactions.
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, a proposed trade and investment agreement between the European Union and the United States focusing on market access and regulatory cooperation.
Transfer Earnings
An entry on the concept of transfer earnings in economics, exploring various facets including historical context, major analytical frameworks, and case studies.
Transfer Payments
Understanding transfer payments and their role in economics
Transfer Pricing
The practice of setting prices for goods and services exchanged between the divisions or entities of the same multinational organization.
Transfers in Kind
An exploration of transfers in kind, their definitions, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Transformation
Understanding the term transformation in economics, including marginal rate of transformation and structural transformation.
Transformation Curve
An economic concept illustrating the trade-offs between two goods or services that a production economy can achieve.
Transitional Economy
An economy undergoing fundamental changes in its economic organizations, such as moving from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy.
Transitional Unemployment
Unemployment due to significant shifts in the economic structure, affecting less skilled workers during periods of major economic changes.
Transitive Relation
A transitive relation is a relationship between elements where if element A is related to element B and element B is related to element C, then element A is also related to element C.
Transitory Income
Understanding the concept of transitory income in economics
Transmission Mechanism
Examination of how changes in economic variables like income, prices, and interest rates are transmitted across different sectors, regions, and countries.
Transnational Corporation
Overview and analysis of transnational corporations in the global economic context
Transparent Policy Measures
Policy measures whose operation is open to public scrutiny.
Transplant in Economics
Definition and explanation of the term 'transplant' in economics, focusing on its application to domestic production of formerly imported goods.
Transport Costs
The expenses associated with moving goods from one location to another, influenced by factors such as the weight, size, fragility, and perishability of the goods.
Trap
An overview of the concept of 'trap' in economics, including liquidity traps and poverty traps
Treasury
Treasuries serve as the primary federal agency responsible for implementing the government's economic policies.
Treasury Bill
Treasury Bill - A short-dated government security issued at a discount on their redemption price, regarded as a highly liquid financial asset.
Treatment Group
Definition and meaning of the term 'treatment group' in economics, statistics, and experimental research.
Treaty of Rome
A treaty signed in Rome in 1957 that established the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community.
Trend
An overview of the concept of trend in economics, particularly in time-series data and econometric modeling.
Trend-Cycle Decomposition
A method for analyzing time-series data by separating long-term trends from short-term fluctuations and seasonal components
Treuhandanstalt
A German institution established to privatize East German state-owned firms post-economic and monetary union in 1990.
Triangle of Loss
A measure of the loss caused by an output level at which marginal cost and marginal benefit are not equal.
trickle-down theory
Understanding the trickle-down theory and its impact on economic stratification
Trigger Strategy
A strategy used in repeated non-cooperative games where a player cooperates until the opponent defects, triggering subsequent punishment.
Trillion
Definition and meaning of the term 'trillion' in the field of economics.
Triple-A Rating
The highest credit rating available, indicating near-zero risk of default on payments.
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)
A US government programme designed to improve liquidity and stability of the financial system by purchasing troubled assets from financial institutions during the 2008–9 financial crisis.
Trough
The lowest period for real incomes or activity in a business cycle.
True and Fair View
The principle that financial accounts should provide a correct and honest impression of the financial state of a company.
Truncated Sample
A sample from which some observations have been systematically excluded
Trust
An exploration of trust in economic contexts, particularly in situations of asymmetric information and repeated games.
Trustee
An individual or company legally responsible for administering property on behalf of a beneficiary.
Turnkey Project
An in-depth look into turnkey projects, their structure, benefits, and place in economic theory and practice.
Turnover
The value of total sales of goods and services by any organization during a given period, or the total value of transactions in a given market.
Turnover Tax
A comprehensive entry explaining the concept, implications, and comparative analysis of turnover tax in economics.
Turnpike Theorem
A characterization of the optimal, or welfare-maximizing, growth path for the economy in growth theory.
Two-Gap Model
Definition and Meaning of the Two-Gap Model in Economics
Two-Part Tariff
An economic pricing strategy where customers pay a higher price up to a set quantity, and a lower price thereafter.
Two-Sector Endogenous Growth Model
A model in which physical and human capitals are produced in different sectors, leading to endogenous steady-state growth.
Two-Stage Least Squares
An econometric method addressing endogeneity in linear regression models by using instrumental variables.
Two-tailed Test
A comprehensive overview of the two-tailed test in the context of statistical hypothesis testing.
Two-Tier Board
A system of board governance featuring separate supervisory and management boards, predominantly seen in German corporate settings.
Type I and II Errors
An overview of Type I and II errors, their significance in hypothesis testing, and their implications in economic research.