Economic Policy Target
An aim of economic policy encompassing objectives such as high employment levels, sustainable growth, and stable inflation rates.
t-distribution
An overview of the t-distribution used in statistical analysis
t-test
An overview of the t-test, a statistical hypothesis test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two variables.
Tacit Collusion
Explanation and analysis of tacit collusion in economics
Taft-Hartley Act
An overview of the Taft-Hartley Act, formally known as the US Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947.
Take-off
The stage of economic development at which an economy becomes capable of sustained growth in per capita income.
Take-Up Rate
The proportion of those entitled to a benefit who actually claim it
Takeover
The acquisition of a company by new owners through the purchasing of its shares, either in cash or the purchaser's shares.
Takeover Bid
An offer to purchase all the shares of a company, thereby acquiring control of it.
Talk Down
The attempt to bring down the value of an economic variable through persuasion by the authorities.
Tangency Optimum
A solution to an optimization problem occurring at a point of tangency between two curves, often used in consumer theory.
Tangible Assets
Definition and Meaning of Tangible Assets in Economics
Tap Issue
An overview of the term 'tap issue', mainly in the context of UK Treasury bills, contrasting it with 'tender issue'.
Target Zone
A specified range within which a country seeks to maintain its exchange rate, either through strict or relaxed central bank intervention.
Targeting
Making benefits available to a particular group of people identified by certain characteristics.
Tariff
A scale of charges, particularly in the context of import duties.
Tastes
An overview of the economic concept of tastes and its implications for consumer behavior and preferences.
Tax
A comprehensive look at the concept of taxation in economics, its various frameworks, and historical social impact.
Tax Allowance
An explanation of tax allowance, its importance, and implications in economic theory and practice.
Tax Assessment
The determination of the amount of tax any individual or company is liable to pay.
Tax Avoidance
Arranging one’s affairs to reduce the amount of tax that has to be paid. Provides a contrast between legal tax avoidance and illegal tax evasion, and discusses related concepts such as the General Anti-Avoidance Rule.
Tax Base
The set of incomes and transactions on which direct and indirect taxes are levied.
Tax Burden
The economics term 'tax burden' refers to the total cost plus additional expenses imposed on the economy due to the imposition of taxes.
Tax Credit
An overview and in-depth analysis of tax credits, their criteria, and impacts within various economic frameworks.
Tax Evasion
A comprehensive entry on the concept of tax evasion in economics.
Tax Exempt Special Savings Account (TESSA)
Explanation of the now-closed Tax Exempt Special Savings Account (TESSA) in the UK.
Tax Expenditure
A means by which the government can encourage particular activities without formally making expenditures.
Tax Gap
An analysis of the tax gap, its definitions and implications.
Tax Haven
A country providing foreign residents opportunities for legal and illegal tax reduction strategies.
Tax Holiday
A limited period of tax-free operation, or of specially reduced taxation, used to stimulate investment.
tax planning
The arrangement of business and financial activities by an individual or a firm to minimize tax liabilities legally.
Tax Reform Act
A comprehensive federal statute of 1986 that aimed to simplify the U.S. income tax code, broaden the tax base, and eliminate many tax shelters and preferences.
Tax Refund
An entry explaining the concept and mechanism of tax refunds, including the conditions under which they apply and historical context.
Tax Relief
Overview of tax relief, a provision in the tax code that reduces tax liability based on characteristics or actions of the taxpayer.
Tax Return
A comprehensive entry on the economic term 'Tax Return,' explaining its definition, implications, and relevance in various economic frameworks.
Tax Schedule
The relationship between taxable activity and tax liability.
Tax Shelter
An arrangement by which part of a person's income is protected from taxes.
Tax Shifting
The process of transferring the burden of a tax from one economic agent to another.
Tax Threshold
The value that determines the limit of tax-free activity in income and other tax systems.
Tax Wedge
A summary of the distortion in choices caused by a tax.
Tax-Based Incomes Policy
An economic policy that utilizes the tax system to control inflation by influencing wages and prices.
taxable income
The portion of an individual's or corporation's income subject to taxation.
Taylor Contract
A model of nominal rigidity, or staggered prices, in New Keynesian economics.
Taylor Rule
A monetary policy rule that postulates how a central bank determines interest rates based on deviations in inflation and output gap from their target values.
Technical Analysis
An overview of Technical Analysis, its theoretical underpinnings, and applications in economic contexts.
Technical Barriers to Trade
Examination and understanding of Technical Barriers to Trade in the context of global economics.
technical efficiency
An exploration of the concept of technical efficiency in economics, its implications, and distinctions from other forms of efficiency.
Technical Progress
Improvement in knowledge about techniques for production, allowing for more output or efficiency.
Technical Standard
A specification of the design of particular goods or components to ensure compatibility.
Technical Substitution
Examination of technical substitution in economic analysis, including elasticity and marginal rate of technical substitution concepts.
Technological Unemployment
Unemployment arising from advancements in technology leading to redundancy in certain job types.
Technology
The body of knowledge about materials, techniques of production, and operation of equipment, based on the application of science.
Technology Gap
A definition and explanation of the concept of the technology gap, the difference in techniques available for production between countries.
Technology Transfer
The transfer of techniques from countries where they are more advanced to other countries where they are less advanced.
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
An overview of TANF, the US federal assistance program for low-income families with dependent children.
Temporary Equilibrium
An overview of the concept of temporary equilibrium in economic models and its implications for dynamic economies.
Tender
A bid to undertake a project encompassing information on the bidder, project approach, and pricing.
Tender Issue
Understanding tender issue in economics, its meaning and context within Treasury bills bidding and issuance.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a US public corporation established in 1933 as part of the New Deal, focusing on power supply, flood control, natural resource development, tourism, and training.
Term Asset-Backed Loan Facility
A funding facility introduced by the US Federal Reserve System in 2008 aimed at encouraging lending to households and small businesses through support of asset-backed securities issuance.
Term Loan
A loan due to be repaid on a definite date, particularly in US usage
Term Premium
The additional return on a long-term bond over the rate expected by the unbiased expectations hypothesis, often attributed to liquidity preference.
Term Structure of Interest Rates
The relation between the rate of interest paid by a financial security and the time until maturity of the security.
Terms of Trade
The ratio of an index of a country’s export prices to an index of its import prices.
Test Discount Rate
The real rate of return used in cost–benefit analysis by the UK government.
Thatcherism
Economic principles underlying the policies of the Thatcher government in the UK from 1979 to 1990
Thin Market
A market with few buyers and sellers, characterized by high volatility, low transaction volume, and low liquidity.
Third Way
A socioeconomic viewpoint reconciling capitalism with central planning
Third World
Definition and Meaning of Third World
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
The concept and nuances of third-degree price discrimination in economics
Third-Party Insurance
An in-depth look at third-party insurance, its significance, and its variations across different regions.
Thrift
Examination of the concept of thrift in economics, its historical context, frameworks, and related definitions.
Thrifts
Non-banking financial institutions in the United States primarily associated with collecting savings and financing mortgages.
Tick
The minimum movement of the price of a security in a financial market.
Tiebout hypothesis
An economic hypothesis asserting that economic efficiency is achieved in an economy with local public goods through consumer choice of location.
Tied Aid
An exploration of tied aid as a form of economic assistance, its implications, and contrasts with untied aid.
Tied Loans
Definition and meaning of tied loans in the context of foreign loans to less developed countries.
Tier 1 Capital
Tier 1 Capital - Definition, Meaning, and Context in Financial Regulation
Tier 2 Capital
Definition and meaning of Tier 2 Capital within the banking and regulatory framework.
Tight Fiscal Policy
A fiscal policy approach that aims to restrict effective demand through high taxes or low public spending.
Tight Monetary Policy
An extensive analysis of tight monetary policy, its historical roots, frameworks, and implications.
Time Deposit
A term used in banking referring to a deposit where withdrawal requires notice or incurs an interest penalty.
Time Discounting
Understanding the concept of time discounting and its economic implications
Time Horizon
The most remote future period taken into account in making economic decisions.
Time Lags in Economics
The delay between an economic action and its resultant event or impact.
Time Preference
The preference for immediate consumption over future consumption in economic decision-making.
Time-Inconsistency
A dictionary entry exploring the economic concept of time-inconsistency, which occurs when a policy-maker acts counter to previous commitments due to changing incentives.
Time-Series Data
A comprehensive overview of time-series data, including its definition, historical context, analytical frameworks, and related terms.
Times Covered
An in-depth exploration of the term 'times covered' in the context of corporate finance.
Tit for Tat Strategy
An exploration of the Tit for Tat strategy in repeated games, particularly the Prisoner's Dilemma.
Tobin Tax
A proposed excise duty on cross-border currency transactions aimed at reducing exchange rate fluctuations and generating substantial revenue for social causes.
Tobin’s q
The ratio of the valuation shareholders place on a firm to the market value of its assets.
Tobit Model
A regression model used to estimate unknown parameters from a censored sample.
Todaro Model
An exploration of the Todaro Model in development economics and its implications for rural-urban migration.
Token Money
An examination of token money, its importance in modern economies, and the evolution of money from physical to digital forms.
Tokyo Round
Overview of the Tokyo Round of international trade talks held under GATT between 1973 and 1979.
Tolerance Interval
Definition and exploration of the term 'tolerance interval' in the field of economics and statistics
Total Cost
An overview of the economics term 'Total Cost' including definitions, analytical frameworks, and related concepts
Total Domestic Expenditure
An essential term in macroeconomics that aggregates consumer expenditure, government final consumption, and gross domestic capital formation without deductions for imports or capital consumption.
Total Factor Productivity
Understanding Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and its implications in economics.