Wirtschaftswunder
Referring to the remarkable economic recovery of West Germany post-World War II.
With-Profits Life Insurance
Life insurance where benefits to the policy-holders depend on the financial performance of the fund accumulated from their premiums.
Withholding Tax
A tax levied at a standard rate on all receipts of income from wages or dividends, regardless of the individual’s tax liability.
Within-groups Estimator
An estimator of the parameters in a panel data model using deviations from time averages.
Wold’s Decomposition Theorem
A fundamental theorem in time series analysis that decomposes a zero-mean covariance stationary stochastic process into a deterministic and a non-deterministic part.
Work
Exploring the multifaceted definition and implications of 'work' within economic and social contexts.
Work in Progress
The term Work in Progress refers to materials and partially finished products that are at various stages of the production process.
Work Study
The study of working procedures with a view to improving their efficiency, safety, or comfort.
Worker Participation
Definition and meaning of worker participation in firm decision-making
Worker-Controlled Firm
A comprehensive examination of worker-controlled firms, also known as producers' cooperatives, where both ownership and management responsibilities are vested in the workers.
Workfare
Workfare - A system making income support for the unemployed conditional on their performing some form of work for which they are suitable.
Workforce
Comprehensive exploration of the term 'Workforce,' synonymous with 'labour force'
Working Capital
An overview of working capital in business finance, its components, and significance.
Working Conditions
The conditions under which employees have to work, including various factors affecting their safety, comfort, and productivity.
Working Practices
Understanding the ways through which employees carry out their tasks in an enterprise.
Working Tax Credit
A UK tax credit paid to low-income workers, designed to supplement wages.
Works Council
Definition and meaning of works council, a body that facilitates dialogue between management and workers on matters of mutual interest.
World Bank
An overview of the World Bank, its purpose, historical context, and its significance in global economics.
World Development Indicators
World Development Indicators Annual time-series data starting from 1960 on variables reflecting the level of development that is compiled by the World Bank.
World Trade Organization
Definition and Examination of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Write-Down
A reduction in the recorded value of an asset when its fair market value has significantly dropped below its carrying amount.
Write-off
A reduction in the value assigned to a transaction in the accounts to zero, as well as the status of an asset severely depreciated due to an accident.
Wrongful Dismissal
Termination of employment by the employer contrary to the employee’s contract of employment.
X-efficiency
A comprehensive analysis of X-efficiency, its meaning, and significance in economics.
X-inefficiency
An examination of the failure of firms or organizations to achieve maximum possible efficiency with their inputs.
Yaoundé Convention
An international agreement enabling former French colonies to associate with the European Community.
Year
Definition and meaning of 'year' in economic contexts, such as budget year, financial year, and fiscal year.
Yen (¥)
The Japanese currency unit
Yield
Understanding the term 'yield' in the context of fixed-interest securities and its different forms such as nominal yield, running yield, yield to maturity, and more.
Yield Curve
Understanding the graph representing yields on fixed-interest securities across various maturities.
Yield Gap
The difference between the average dividend yield on equities and the average yield on long-dated government bonds.
Yield Spread
The difference between the yields on two bonds, which may vary by maturity, issuer risk characteristics, principal amount, or coupon payments.
Yule–Walker equations
Difference equations relating the autocorrelation coefficients of an autoregressive process to the coefficients on the lags.
Zaibatsu
A family-controlled vertically integrated cartel of industrial and financial business that existed in Japan before World War II.
Zero Coupon Bond
A bond that does not make any periodic coupon payments, sold at a discount from its face value and pays the face value at maturity.
Zero Growth
The state of an economy characterized by no further expansion in economic activity.
Zero Interest Rate
Definition and Economics Context of Zero Interest Rate
Zero-Base Budgeting
A budgeting approach that requires rebuilding the budget from a baseline of zero, focusing on organizational efficiency.
Zero-Rated
Definition and meaning of zero-rated goods and services in the VAT system
Zero-Sum Game
Definition and analysis of the economic concept Zero-Sum Game
Zero-Sum Game
Definition and analysis of the economic concept Zero-Sum Game
Zoning
The regulatory process of designating specific areas for distinct types of activities to manage land use and mitigate externalities.